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Construction of vaccine dispenser
Fux, Jan ; Klapka, Milan (referee) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to perform a constructive design of a device for the batching and application of vaccination against rabies in stated size and shape. Vaccines will be dropped from the aircraft and therefore the crucial parameter is the shape and weight of our device. Subsequently, a functionality of this device will be tested. The thesis includes creation of 3D model, drawings of selected components, construction drawing and functional sample photo documentation
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The topic vaccination in biology education
Petáková, Iva ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to vaccination as a successful health method to prevent infectious diseases. It is mentioned here that vaccination is one of the key steps to reducing the number of infectious diseases and their spread in the population. Despite the success of vaccination, there are many individuals who are reticent to vaccinate. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the causes and consequences of this reticent, to highlight the importance of vaccination in education and to inform on available vaccination programmes that could be used in education. First, the work focuses on distrust in science and its influence on reticence towards vaccination, and what effect social networks and communication not only from health professionals have on this issue. There are misconceptions in the work about vaccination that appear among the public. Furthermore, there are reasons for including the topic of vaccination and prevention of infectious diseases in school education mentioned together with how this could be implemented using interactive methods that make it possible to achieve better awareness of the issue. Key words vaccination, vaccine, refusal of vaccination, infectious disease,trust in science, education
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Current approaches in the development of vaccines against infectious viral diseases
Vargová, Soňa ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Osička, Radim (referee)
Vaccination remains one of the most successful biomedical interventions for preventing viral diseases. While early vaccines were developed by attenuating the infectious agent in cell cultures or by inactivation, new delivery platforms are on the rise thanks to the advent of genetic engineering. The COVID-19 pandemic stimulated the rapid adoption and a massive deployment of these platforms. Viral vector vaccines elicit antigen expression within cells and induce a robust cytotoxic T cell response, unlike protein subunit vaccines conferring mainly humoral immunity. mRNA vaccines also deliver the antigen inside the cells while offering more manageable and faster manufacturing possibilities. Unlike DNA-based vaccines, mRNA does not enter the nucleus, and thus, the probability of disrupting gene expression in the recipient cell is diminished. This thesis aims to offer an overview of current approaches in vaccinology and discuss the various platforms in use. The thesis will also present recent advances in the development of prophylactic vaccines against infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and also will focus on a recently proposed strategy for vaccine development based on non-cognate ligands mimicking epitopes recognised by broadly neutralising antibodies...
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Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination II.
Klozová, Michaela ; Marešová, Helena (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
Student: Michaela Klozová Tutor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Background: This thesis deals with the attitude of Czech parents of preschool children for vaccination. From this perspective, the issue of vaccination was not in the Czech Republic yet rated. The work provides an overview of basic knowledge about vaccination. Aim: The main objective of the study was to assess the attitudes of parents to vaccinate their children, to map their knowledge and experience with vaccination and their views on the legitimacy, efficacy and safety of vaccination in the Czech Republic. The operational objective was to determine what changes would be welcomed in this system. Finally, I was interested in whether parents let children vaccinated beyond the compulsory vaccination. Methods: A targeted survey of parents of preschool children, regardless of age and education. For data acquisition method was used questionnaires. The processing of the results was used a computer program Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The data were subjected to frequency analysis and confidence interval was calculated. The survey was conducted from September 2012 to November 2013 questionnaire was completed by 182 parents...
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The Motives and Strategies in the Behaviour of Parents Refusing the Compulsory Vaccination
Štětovská, Pavla ; Tollarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Slanina, Petr (referee)
7 ABSTRACT The compulsory vaccination of children has lately become a very actual and frequently discussed topic in the Czech Republic. The public opinion about the compulsory vaccination divide parents on two different groups which are presented by the opinion for or against the vaccination. In my thesis I tried to present the opinion of parents with the different view on the compulsory vaccination. The thesis mainly focuses on the decision-making process by parents. I try to describe how they perceive the compulsory vaccination of their children and what their experience with it is, and how they consequently decide about the realization, changes and rejection of the compulsory vaccination. The main research issue of my work is: What steps parents take when making opinion about the compulsory vaccination and what is happening with parents who decide for or against vaccination. In the theoretical part of my thesis I concentrate on the description of the history of the compulsory vaccination, on the development of system of the vaccination in our country and in the world, on the vaccination schemes and vaccines, the list of vaccinated diseases, the functions of immune system, the model of distribution and payment for the vaccines, the criticism with arguments for and against the vaccination. I summarize the...
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Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination III.
Formánková, Petra ; Marešová, Helena (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Petra Formánková Supervisor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Title: Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination III. Key words: vaccination, adverse effects, non-compulsory vaccines, immunization calendar Introduction: Vaccination has always been controversial and highly debated issue. There are its supporters, but also strict opponents. However, vaccination is still the most effective and most economical form of fight against various diseases. Vaccination annually saves several million lives. Aim: The main aim of my thesis is to evaluate the results obtained from the questionnaires and determine whether respondents' age or higher education have an impact on the belief in the legitimacy, safety and efficacy of vaccination. Then I watched the risk of adverse effects on the child's sex and the most frequent type of adverse reactions, which occurred after vaccination. The aim was also to determine whether children were vaccinated by non-compulsory vaccines, further as their parents knew about vaccination and what changes in vaccination they desired for their children. Methodology: The research was conducted by questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of...
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Preparation and Characterization of Protein Binders Mimicking Epitopes of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies
Šulc, Josef ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
For three decades, the ongoing HIV pandemic has taken the lives of tens of millions of people. Still, more tens of millions are fighting this incurable disease today. Current failures in combating this global problem are caused mainly by the virus's extreme ability of mutation, its very effective molecular shield which repels the immune system's attacks, and its immense variability. A breakthrough, achieved relatively recently, is the discovery of the so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1, which carry a very efficient and broad neutralizing response. So far, it's not known how to elucidate the production of these antibodies in the infected hosts to quell or altogether eliminate the virus. This work deals with experimental results, which led to both in vivo and in vitro proof-of-concept of the so-called protein mimetics, the ability to imitate viral surface epitopes, and therefore stimulate an efficient immune response carried by targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies. This effect is mediated by recombinant binding proteins, based on the Myomedin scaffold. This work describes the selection and characterization of these binding proteins mimicking the epitopes of one of the most effective broadly neutralizing antibodies, 10E8. It shows that the binding affinities of selected...
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Development of an opsonophagocytic assay for the measurement of functional antibody activity against Bordetella pertussis
Brázdilová, Ludmila ; Bumba, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dráber, Peter (referee)
The Gram-negative pathogen bacterium Bordetella pertussis is the infectious agent causing pertussis or whooping cough. The infection is dangerous to infants, often being deadly if untreated. Since whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been replaced by acellular pertussis vaccines, pertussis has become the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries. Therefore, the development of a new generation of pertussis vaccines has become a high priority. Opsonophagocytic assays are one method used to assess the efficacy of new vaccines. The main objective of the thesis is to develop opsonophagocytic killing and uptake assays for the measurement of functional antibody activity against Bordetella pertussis. Neutrophils from mice and humans were isolated by three different methods and used for the assessment of different human and mouse sera in opsonophagocytic killing and uptake assays. Different experimental conditions were tested, including multiplicity of infection and serum dilutions. The opsonophagocytic uptake assay proved to discriminate between naïve and immune sera. Serum from mice vaccinated with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine enhanced opsonophagocytic uptake of B. pertussis cells into neutrophils, while serum from mice immunized with the acellular pertussis vaccine did not....
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Pseudotyping in baculoviruses
Zobalová, Eliška ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
The baculoviruses are a group of enveloped DNA viruses that infect the larval stage of arthropods, mainly insects. They are widely used in biotechnology and well known for their utility as biological pesticides and gene expression vectors for the production of proteins in insect cells and larvae. However, they are also able to enter in mammalian cells and deliver-genes for expression under the control of mammalian cell-active promoters. Recombination or pseudotyping can result in formation of baculoviruses that provide a higher transduction frequency or are able to recognize specific mammalian cells. This bachelor thesis describes the phenomenon of viral pseudotyping and summarizes published information about the use of pseudotyped baculoviruses for gene therapy and vaccination.
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